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Combined with the related research progress of the application of chemical space in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the common database resources and calculation tools of chemical space research are summarized and analyzed. The compatibility law of chemical space in TCM prescriptions, the screening of effective ingredients of TCMs, and TCM compounds are summarized. It was found that the current studies mainly focus on the efficacy and multi-target studies of TCMs and TCM compound, among which there are more studies on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The existing studies have clarified the efficacy and targets of TCMs or TCM compound for diseases, but there is still a lack of a database on the main components of all TCMs and the efficacy and main targets of TCM compound. Therefore, there needs a new database for the main efficacy molecules and targets of TCMs.
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The domestic pharmaceutical management profession started relatively late, and professionals in this field are urgently needed. It is especially important to cultivate and reserve pharmaceutical management professionals in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry. Based on the background of pharmaceutical management discipline combed with the characteristics of TCM, this paper takes Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine as an example to further explore the quality of pharmaceutical management professionals in TCM institutions. It is suggested that in the education of pharmaceutical management students in TCM colleges, students should understand and inherit our TCM culture, focus on philosophical thinking, cultivate their people-oriented management ability combined with Golden Mean, master the knowledge of TCM theory and general management from characteristic professional curriculums, and possess comprehensive qualities that are able to inherit ancient TCM culture with innovation.
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Clinical studies on refractory fungal infections have revealed that fungal pathogens in infected lesions often existed in the form of biofilms.A biofilm is a complex of microbial communities enclosed in an extracellular matrix.Biofilm formation helps the fungus evade host cellular immune system clearance and the attacks of drugs, causing persistent infections and then threatening human health.In recent years, research has shown that biofilms can form on the surfaces of intraocular lenses, corneal contact lenses, scleral buckles and other intraocular implants.Moreover, growing evidence shows that fungal biofilms play an important role in ocular infectious diseases, such as endophthalmits and keratitis.Therefore, the study of fungal biofilms and their correlations with ocular diseases is of considerable clinical significance.In this study, we focused on the formation and structure of fungal biofilms, the factors influencing biofilms formation, resistance mechanism, treatment strategies and the association of biofilms in ocular disease.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate chemical properties of a fructooligosaccharide (ABP-50-FOS)separated from Achyranthes bidentata and immune response in mice immunized H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS The methods of GPC,CE,IR and NMR were used to study chemical properties of ABP-50-FOS. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly twice with H1N1 influenza vaccine (3 μg)plus ABP-50-FOS(200 μg)each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotypes titers were analyzed by ELISA. The populations of CD4+,CD8+,CD3+and CD19+lymphocytes were deter?mined by flow cytometry. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),inter?leukin-4(IL-4),IL-12 and NO were measured by ELISA kits. RESULTS ABP-50-FOS was a fructooli?gosaccharide with moleculer mass 1885 u. Its bone linkages contained 1,2-and 1,6-fructose residues. ABP-50-FOS could induce high specific-IgG,IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b and IgM titers after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen twice(P<0.01). ABP-50-FOS significantly elevated the percentage of CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+ spleen lymphocytes and IFN-γ secretions(P<0.01)in vitro. It also stimulated peritoneal macrophage of mice and DC2.4 dendritic cells to produce TNF-αand IL-12p70 respectively (P<0.01). However,ABP-50-FOS inhibited secretions of NO in macrophage. CONCLUSION The fruc?tooligosaccharide ABP-50-FOS separated from A. bidentata can exhibit strong adjuvant activity for H1N1 influenza vaccine.
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Objective To investigate the effects of health education model on the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methods Random digit table was used to divide 108 patients with gastrointestinal cancer divided into control group and observation group , 54 cases in each group: the former was treated with routine nursing care and the latter with education model based on health awareness theory. The two groups compared in terms of efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy. Results The effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The hematologic toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skin toxicity, heart, lung and kidney toxicity in the observation group during chemotherapy were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The health education model on the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancer can improve the effect and reduce the occurrence.
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With the reform of drug evaluation and approval in advance,a series of new initiatives have be launched,including improving the drug registration classification,revision of GCP and carrying out clinical trial data verification,strengthening clinical trial data management etc.Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicines are facing new opportunities and challenges.The development of new traditional Chinese medicines should meet the clinical needs and clearly answer the clinical problems.The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicines can be measured,and the key is to grasp scientific and reasonable research methods.Clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicines should pay attention to the research logic of clinical trials,and pay more attention to the quality of clinical trial data.The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines is indeed based on clinical data.Viewed from its tendency,new Traditional Chinese Medicines are based on compound prescription.Therefore,researchers should effectively improve the overall research quality of the clincal trials on the new medicines of traditional Chinese medical compounds.
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This article summarized and analyzed problems about clinical evaluation of new traditional Chinese medicine, including the staging and dynamics in clinical research stage, indexes of therapeutic evaluation, and post-marketing revaluation. It also proposed that the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine should attach importance to clinical efficacy and conduct clinical evaluation reasonably. The article provides references for research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine.
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OBJECTlVE To investigate the effect of α-glycan isolated from Isatis indigotica on humoral immunity and cellular immunity functions in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly once with H1N1 influenza vaccine ( 3 μg) plusα-glycan ( 100μg) each mouse. The serum total antibody titer and its isotype antibody titer of immu-nized mice were analyzed by ELlSA at 5, 8, 10, 12 and 14 d after injection at vaccine. The proliferation activities of spleen T and B lymphocytes were determined with MTT method. The levels of cytokines interferon-γ( lFN-γ) , tumor necrosis factorα( TNF-α) , interleukin-4( lL-4) and lL-12 were measured by ELlSA kits. The populations of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ and CD19+ lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the proliferation rate of macrophages was studied with MTT method in vitro. RESULTS The α-glycan from I.indigotica could gradually induce high specific-antibody production 5-14 d after immunization with H1N1 influenza antigen plus theα-glycan in mice compared to immunization with antigen alone ( P<0.01) . After injection of antigen withα-glycan for 5 d, the main lgG isotype was lgM, and the titer levels of total lgG, lgG1 , lgG2a and lgG2b were also significantly raised following 5-14 d after immunization. The α-glycan significantly promoted the spleen T and B lymphocytes proliferation ( growth rate 44.2%and 37.8%) , stimulated the secretion of lFN-γand lL-12 of splenocytes ( P<0.01, P<0.05) , and also promoted lL-4 secretion of thymocytes (P<0.01). The polysaccharide significantly raised the percent age of CD3+T cells ( P<0.01) , CD3+/CD19+ T lymphocytes ( P<0.01) , and CD8+ T cells ( P<0.01) but decreased the percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes compared with antigen alone group ( P<0.01) . Furthermore, the α-glycan exhibited significant effects on the proliferation and TNF-α secre-tion of MH-S macrophages. CONCLUSlON Theα-glycan isolated from I.indigotica can improve humoral and cellular immunity response in mice immunized with H1N1 influenza vaccine.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze reasons for disapproval of registration application of new traditional Chinese medicines in recent years and discuss potential problems occurring in R&D and registration administration of new traditional Chinese medicines in China.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>All applications of new traditional Chinese medicines for registrations that had been disapproved by Center for Drug Evaluation of State Food Drug Administration from 2006 to 2008 were searched in data bank. Specific reasons for disapproval of each variety were inquired and sorted out. The statistics involved the proportion of each type (kind) disapproval reasons in all disapprovals in order to analyze which were the main reasons. The results were analyzed to find out potential problems occurring in R&D and registration administration of new traditional Chinese medicines in China.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were totally 247 disapproved registration applications for new traditional Chinese medicines. Among them, there were 218 applications for clinical trials and 29 applications for launch in the market There were 9 categories (29 types) of reasons for the applications for clinical trials applications, mainly including such problems as R&D proposal, non-clinical effectiveness and non-clinical safety; while there were 5 categories (9 types) of reasons for the applications for launch in the market, with clinical effectiveness as the main reason.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There were many kinds of reasons for the disapproval registration applications of new traditional Chinese medicines in recent years in China, mainly including such problems as effectiveness, safety and proposal basis. This reflects problems occurring in R&D and registration administration of new traditional Chinese medicines in China to some extent.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , China , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Approval , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Reference Standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , PhytotherapyABSTRACT
The study on the active ingredients of single Chinese crude drugs has the various values,and it is an indispensable process of the modernization of Chinese materia medica.Ephedrine extraction opened a prelude of the active ingredients commonly used Chinese materia medica in China,and the found of indirubin and arsenic trioxide for the treatment of leukemia and artemisinin for the treatment of malaria were the proud achievements.Although the research of active ingredients on Chinese materia medica has brought some success in the development of new drugs,the reality can not be too optimistic.It needs get rid of a purely analytic perspective,needs to carry out the activity screen sufficiently,needs to adhere to the main body of complex prescription in the development of new drugs of Chinese materia medica,and needs to grasp the "precise" and "ambiguous" organically.